Squid have long, thin bodies with a chitinous pen, a hard internal body part, allowing them to live a nektonic lifestyle, one in which they have the ability to cruise continuously and swim at rapid speeds (Sugimoto, Ikeda, 2013). Known modes of hunting in squids include methods such as ambushing, luring, pursuit of prey, stalking, and pouncing. They have been known to coordinate school-like swimming behaviors, using spiral-like swimming paths to emerge from dense formations and attack (Villanueva et al., 2017). During attacks, squid behavior includes raised or flared arms/appendages, with dynamic skin patterns designed to deceive their prey. Appendages are oftentimes found extended vertically upwards such as in a separated V, and use a swaying motion to lure the opponent into a position that is suitable for the squid to attack at (Villanueva et al., 2017). There have also been observed differences in the hunting capabilities and strategies of squid based on their age, as underdeveloped, young squid from the weeks of 1-3 would accelerate forward rapidly and use splayed arms to capture the prey (Sugimoto, Ikeda, 2013). This differs from the proceedings of a 4 week old squid, who would extend it’s tentacles far more rapidly while accelerating forward at a far slower speed. In squid, sensory neurons from the eyes encode information about the squid’s surrounding environment and convey them to the brain, where these signals help decipher between eliciting an attack or retreat response. Following this, the brain sends commands to the mantle muscles through large neurons with rapidly conducting axons (Hill et al., Page 305). Furthermore, some species of squid have developed different tools to enhance their ability to capture prey. This applies for the I. paradoxus, or pygmy squid, who utilize ink during prey attacks by releasing ink and then attacking through the cloud it creates, or by using the ink as a distraction to attack from another position (Villanueva et al., 2017). Overall, there are three established hunting strategies that are used by squid, the first of which being by tentacular lunge attack, where squids will use their tentacles to grapple the prey. In situations where less mobile and smaller prey are present, arm-opening attacks are often conducted to snatch the prey, oftentimes prawn in this case (Castilla et al., 2020). Distance is a determinant of which method will be utilized, as the third and final tactic used both arms and tentacles to grapple with prey at a distance, where one lethal bite is administered to kill the prey before consumption begins (Castilla et al., 2020). It is evident that the primary tools of squids are the arms and tentacles, the two tentacles being armed with suckers or hooks which can be extended to seize prey from long distances and aid in restraining the prey while ingestion occurs.

